Money for Metros

the source: “Miracle Mets” by Bruce Katz, Mark Muro, and Jennifer Bradley, in ___Democracy___, Spring ­2009.

Here’s some advice for Washington: To get the most out of each stimulus dollar, focus on the country’s top metropolitan areas and forget about the ­states.

The  100 largest metro areas are the engines of the U.S. economy, write Bruce Katz, Mark Muro, and Jennifer Bradley, of the Brookings Institution’s Metropolitan Policy Program. Though these urban centers occupy just 12 percent of the nation’s land area, they generate ­two-­thirds of its jobs and ­three-­quarters of its gross domestic product. California has the eighth-largest economy in the world, but most of the activity is concentrated in just four metro areas. Together, the economies of Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Diego, and San Jose are larger than India’s.

The federal government sends the bulk of infrastructure funds to states, whose departments of transportation tend to favor building new roads across wide ex­panses of rural land. If that money were in­vested instead in urban areas, its effects would be far greater, the authors say. In dense locations, more people benefit from im­proved ­infrastruc­ture.

But Washington is ­ill ­equipped to coordinate the multiple levels of government in metro areas, many of which extend into multiple municipalities and even states. As a result, programs dealing with housing and schooling or trans­portation and energy “remain largely divorced from one another, precluding integrated ­problem-­solving.”

Nearly 70 years ago, the his­torian Arthur Schlesinger Sr. wrote: “These urban provinces, new to the American scene . . . face grave difficulties in meeting the essential needs of the aggregate popu­lation. . . . It is clear that new and unanticipated strains are being placed on the federal system framed by the Fathers for a simple agricultural economy.” It’s long past time, the authors say, for a new ­approach.